Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different fungal species on metal uptake from paper sludge by Hemarthria compressa L. Paper (PS) in various concentrations (0, 30% and 60%) were used with four treatments two (F0 = Control, F1 Aspergillus niger, F2 Trichoderma pseudokoningii, F3 A. niger + T. pseudokoningii). as rooting medium steadily influenced growth physio-biochemical attributes H. F0. Results revealed discrete variations PS each treatment. maximum damages ionic homeostasis (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) due toxicity evident parallel declined chlorophyll concentration. highest growth, total biomass plants observed when treated combined strains (F3). Translocation factor decreased that is indicative changes Cd, Pb, Cu movement shoot root. treatment also showed greater catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activity. Ions, such Ca, Mg, Na, increased gradually correlation matrix displayed a close association among diverse levels multiple plant attributes. PCA-Biplot confirmed outcome correlational analyses characters compressa. mediate extraction heavy metals recommends high accumulation (HM) possible reutilization free fertilizer, for application cultivated fields. Furthermore, HM attenuation are linear can be habitats. Advancement research work will helpful understanding mechanisms enhancing ability other native microbes remediate metals.